/* Paper & Ink — a long-form reader derived from the homepage palette. */
:root{color-scheme:light;--paper:#f4f1e9;--raised:#fbfaf6;--ink:#171916;--soft:#575b54;--faint:#797e73;--line:rgba(23,25,22,.16);--signal:#a33b2e;--moss:#334b3b;--serif:"Songti SC","STSong","Noto Serif CJK SC",Georgia,serif;--sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:110px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit}button,input{font:inherit}button,a,input,summary{touch-action:manipulation}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--signal);outline-offset:5px}[hidden]{display:none!important}.article-shell{width:min(1180px,calc(100% - 64px));margin-inline:auto}.sr-only,.skip-link{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}.skip-link:focus{z-index:200;clip-path:none;width:auto;height:auto;padding:12px;background:var(--raised)}
.article-masthead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;background:rgba(244,241,233,.97);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.masthead-content{height:76px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px}.article-brand{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;text-decoration:none}.article-seal{display:grid;place-items:center;width:38px;height:38px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font:21px var(--serif)}.article-brand strong{display:block;font:600 19px var(--serif);letter-spacing:.04em}.article-brand small{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:10px;color:var(--faint);letter-spacing:.15em}.article-nav{display:flex;gap:28px;font-size:13px}.article-nav a{text-decoration:none;padding-block:25px;position:relative;color:var(--soft)}.article-nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--signal)}.article-nav a[aria-current]::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:2px;background:var(--signal)}
.essay-header{padding-block:34px 44px}.back-link{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;color:var(--soft);font-size:12px}.back-link:hover{color:var(--signal)}.essay-heading{max-width:870px;margin:42px 0 0 246px}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--signal);margin:0 0 20px}.eyebrow span{padding-inline:12px;color:var(--faint)}.essay-heading h1{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:clamp(36px,4.1vw,54px);line-height:1.32;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0;text-wrap:pretty;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.essay-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px 20px;color:var(--faint);font-size:11px;line-height:1.8;margin-top:26px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.essay-meta>span+span{position:relative}.essay-meta>span+span::before{content:"·";position:absolute;left:-12px}.essay-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:196px minmax(0,760px);column-gap:50px;justify-content:start;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:34px;padding-bottom:90px}.essay-aside{min-width:0}.essay-toc{position:sticky;top:110px;border-top:2px solid var(--signal);padding-top:14px;font-family:var(--sans)}.essay-toc summary{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;list-style:none;font-size:12px;color:var(--soft);cursor:pointer}.essay-toc summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.essay-toc ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:24px 0 0}.essay-toc li+li{margin-top:20px}.essay-toc a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:20px minmax(0,1fr);gap:9px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--faint);font-size:12px;line-height:1.85;transition:color .15s}.essay-toc a span{font:10px/2.2 ui-monospace,monospace;color:var(--signal)}.essay-toc a:hover,.essay-toc a.is-current{color:var(--ink)}
.essay-body{min-width:0;font-size:18px;line-height:2.05;letter-spacing:.012em;overflow-wrap:break-word}.essay-body>p{margin:0 0 26px;white-space:pre-line}.essay-body>h2{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:30px;line-height:1.55;letter-spacing:-.02em;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:30px;margin:62px 0 30px;text-wrap:pretty;scroll-margin-top:20px}.essay-body>h3,.essay-body>h4{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:23px;line-height:1.6;margin:36px 0 20px}.essay-body>h2:first-child{margin-top:0;border-top:0;padding-top:0}.essay-body strong{font-weight:650}.essay-body p a,.essay-body blockquote a{color:var(--moss);text-underline-offset:4px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.essay-body figure{margin:38px 0 36px}.essay-body figure:first-child{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:42px}.figure-open{display:block;cursor:zoom-in;line-height:0;background:var(--raised);border:1px solid rgba(23,25,22,.08)}.figure-open img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.essay-body figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--faint);line-height:1.8;text-align:center;margin-top:12px}.essay-body blockquote{margin:30px 0;padding:8px 0 8px 24px;border-left:3px solid var(--signal);color:var(--soft);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:21px;white-space:pre-line}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;margin:30px 0;max-width:100%}.table-scroll table{border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;min-width:100%}.table-scroll td{padding:12px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);min-width:100px}.table-scroll tr:first-child{background:#e8e9df;font-weight:600}.essay-list-item{padding-left:calc(24px + var(--indent)*18px);position:relative}.list-marker{margin-left:-24px;display:inline-block;width:24px;color:var(--signal)}.essay-end{text-align:center;margin-top:54px;padding-top:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.end-mark{color:var(--signal);font:30px var(--serif)}.essay-end p{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.2em;color:var(--faint);margin:12px 0}.essay-end>a{font-size:12px;color:var(--soft);text-underline-offset:5px}.essay-bottom-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-top:48px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:24px;font-size:13px}.essay-bottom-nav a{text-decoration:none}
.article-footer{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:50px 0}.footer-content{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px}.footer-content strong{font:22px var(--serif)}.footer-content p{font-size:12px;color:#b5b8af;line-height:1.9;margin:10px 0}.footer-content small{font-size:11px;color:#a1a69b}.article-legal{text-align:right}.article-records{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 18px;justify-content:flex-end}.article-records a{display:inline-flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;text-decoration:none}.article-records img{object-fit:contain}.article-records a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.article-index{padding-bottom:110px;min-height:70vh}.index-heading{padding:76px 0 62px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:40px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.index-heading h1{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:clamp(46px,5vw,68px);letter-spacing:-.045em;line-height:1.15;margin:0}.index-heading h1 span{color:var(--signal)}.index-intro{color:var(--soft);font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;margin:24px 0 0}.index-count{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;padding:20px 50px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.index-count span{font-size:11px;color:var(--faint)}.index-count strong{font:62px/1 var(--serif)}.index-toolbar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin:44px 0 30px}.index-toolbar h2{font:600 25px var(--serif);margin:0}.article-search input{width:260px;max-width:100%;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;padding:12px 4px;font-size:13px;color:var(--ink);border-radius:0}.article-search input:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--signal)}.essay-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);gap:40px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:36px;margin-bottom:36px}.card-image{display:block;align-self:start;background:transparent}.card-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;object-fit:contain;transition:transform .3s}.card-image:hover img{transform:scale(1.025)}.card-content{align-self:center}.card-content .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px}.card-content h3{font:600 30px/1.45 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0}.card-content h3 a{text-decoration:none}.card-content h3 a:hover{color:var(--signal)}.card-summary{color:var(--soft);font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;margin:16px 0}.card-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;font-size:11px;margin-top:20px;color:var(--faint)}.card-bottom a{color:var(--signal);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.card-placeholder{display:grid;place-items:center;width:100%;height:260px;font:28px var(--serif);color:var(--soft)}.index-empty{padding:45px 0;color:var(--faint)}
.image-dialog{border:0;padding:0;background:var(--raised);max-width:96vw;width:max-content;max-height:94vh;overflow:hidden}.image-dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(15,18,15,.86)}.image-close{display:block;margin-left:auto;border:0;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:12px 20px;cursor:pointer;position:relative;z-index:1}.image-scroll{overflow:auto;max-height:calc(94vh - 45px);max-width:96vw}.image-scroll img{display:block;max-width:none;width:auto;height:auto;cursor:zoom-out}.image-dialog:not([open]){display:none}body.image-open{overflow:hidden}
@media(min-width:1200px){.essay-toc summary{cursor:default}.essay-toc summary span{display:none}}
@media(max-width:1050px){.essay-heading{margin-left:208px}.essay-layout{grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr);gap:38px}.essay-heading h1{font-size:42px}.card-content h3{font-size:27px}.essay-card{gap:28px}}
@media(max-width:800px){.essay-heading{margin:32px 0 0}.essay-layout{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:28px}.essay-toc{position:static;border-top:0;padding:0}.essay-toc summary{padding:0 0 8px}.essay-toc ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px 24px;margin-top:16px}.essay-toc li+li{margin:0}.essay-body{max-width:760px;width:100%;margin:auto}.essay-header{padding-bottom:30px}.essay-layout{padding-top:20px}.footer-content{flex-direction:column}.article-legal{text-align:left}.article-records{justify-content:flex-start}.essay-card{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.1fr;gap:22px}.card-content h3{font-size:24px}.card-summary{font-size:13px}}
@media(max-width:560px){.article-shell{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.masthead-content{height:66px;gap:12px}.article-brand{gap:9px}.article-seal{width:32px;height:32px;font-size:19px}.article-brand strong{font-size:17px}.article-brand small{font-size:9px}.article-nav{gap:16px;font-size:12px}.article-nav a{padding-block:22px}.essay-header{padding-top:23px}.essay-heading h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.03em}.essay-meta{font-size:10px;margin-top:20px}.eyebrow{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:15px}.essay-body{font-size:17px;line-height:2;letter-spacing:0}.essay-body>p{margin-bottom:24px}.essay-body>h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.55;margin:44px 0 26px;padding-top:25px}.essay-body>h3{font-size:21px}.essay-body figure{margin:30px 0}.essay-body figure:first-child{margin-bottom:34px}.essay-toc ol{grid-template-columns:1fr}.essay-layout{padding-bottom:60px}.essay-bottom-nav{font-size:12px}.index-heading{padding:46px 0 38px;gap:20px}.index-heading h1{font-size:46px}.index-count{padding:15px 5px;min-width:75px}.index-count strong{font-size:46px}.index-count span{font-size:9px}.index-intro{font-size:13px;max-width:230px}.index-toolbar{margin-top:32px}.index-toolbar h2{font-size:22px}.article-search input{width:175px;font-size:12px}.essay-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.card-content h3{font-size:27px}.card-content .eyebrow{margin-bottom:10px}.card-summary{font-size:14px}.article-footer{padding:36px 0}.article-records{flex-direction:column;gap:10px}.article-records a{font-size:10px}.article-index{padding-bottom:55px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important}}

/* Balance long titles without introducing article-specific hard line breaks. */
.essay-heading h1,.card-content h3{text-wrap:balance}
.heading-number{display:block;font:11px/1.5 ui-monospace,monospace;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--signal);margin-bottom:10px}
.image-toolbar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;background:var(--ink);min-height:45px}
.image-size{border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--paper);padding:12px 18px;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px}
.image-scroll img{max-width:90vw;cursor:zoom-in}
.original-size .image-scroll img{max-width:none;cursor:zoom-out}